The Buddha’s teachings are the Dharma gate of non-duality, advocating that the worldly and transcendent are not separate. To transcend the worldly realm, one must first understand the laws of the world and through them, comprehend how all sentient beings, including humans, experience suffering and why. Only then can one navigate towards transcendence. Therefore, it is said that afflictions themselves are enlightenment to lead you to the quenching of worldly mind and its related sufferings.
佛法為不二法門，主張出世間不離世間: 若需出世間必先理解世間法，從世間法中了解人類乃一切眾生如何及為何痛苦，才能以此導向出世間。故說煩惱即菩提。
What is “Lokottara” – the transcendent dharma”?
The Buddhist concept of “transcendent dharma” or “supramundane practices” refers to the methods and teachings that go beyond worldly pursuits. It represents a deeper level of spiritual cultivation in Buddhism, aimed at achieving liberation and awakening.
佛教的「出世間法」是指超越世俗尋求的修行方法和教義。它是佛教中更深層次的精神修習，旨在實現解脫和覺醒。
These transcendent practices focus on transcending worldly attachments, personal interests, and seeking eternal truths through spiritual cultivation. They include practices such as introspective meditation, profound philosophical contemplation, direct experiential understanding of oneself and phenomena, and reaching states beyond suffering and afflictions.
出世間法關注的是超越世俗執著、超越個人利益和尋求永恆真理的修行。它包括內觀冥想、深入的哲學思考、對自我和現象的直接體驗，以及超越苦難和煩惱的境界。
At the core of transcendent practices is the concept of “anatta” or “non-self,” which emphasizes the experience of going beyond personal identity and attachments. It highlights that our self-concept is illusory and impermanent, and true freedom and liberation come from transcending such attachments.
出世間法的核心觀念是「無我」，也就是超越個人身份和執著的體驗。它強調我們的自我觀念是虛幻和暫時的，真正的自由和解脫來自於超越這種執著。
The methods of practicing transcendent practices include diligence, concentration, wisdom, ethical discipline, and compassion. Diligence refers to cultivating the right attitude and effort in spiritual practice. Concentration involves developing the ability for meditation and introspection to observe and understand the true nature of one’s mind and phenomena. Ethical discipline involves adhering to ethical and moral guidelines to reduce the arising of afflictions and suffering. Compassion entails selfless care and loving-kindness towards all sentient beings.
出世間法的修行方法包括精進、定慧、戒律和慈悲等。精進是指培養正確的修行態度和努力。定慧則是培養冥想和內觀的能力，以觀察和瞭解自己的心性和現象的真相。戒律則是遵守倫理和道德規範，以減少煩惱和苦難的發生。慈悲是對所有眾生的無私關懷和仁愛。
The goal of transcendent practices is to attain liberation and awakening, transcending the cycle of birth and death, and realizing boundless wisdom and compassion. It seeks a state beyond personal interests and worldly attachments, pursuing wisdom, tranquility, and unconditional love.
出世間法的目標是達到解脫和覺醒，超越生死輪迴，實現無限的智慧和慈悲。它追求的是一種超越個人利益和世俗束縛的境界，並追求智慧、平靜和無條件的愛。
In summary, the Buddhist concept of transcendent practices refers to methods and teachings that go beyond worldly pursuits, aiming to achieve liberation and awakening, transcend suffering and afflictions, and pursue wisdom and compassion.
總之，佛教的出世間法是指超越世俗尋求的修行方法和教義，旨在實現解脫和覺醒，超越苦難和煩惱，追求智慧和慈悲。
From the perspective of Madhyamaka, the mundane phenomena and transcendent phenomena are seen as non-dual.
The transcendent dharma refers to the methods and teachings of practice that go beyond worldly pursuits, aiming to attain liberation and awakening. It emphasizes transcending personal interests and worldly attachments, and pursuing the realm of wisdom and compassion. In comparison, the mundane dharma (i.e. Loka or the law of world) refers to worldly matters, phenomena, and principles, including the physical and mental aspects of individuals, interpersonal relationships, social structures, economic activities, and so on. It is the realm of our actual life experiences. By observing and understanding the mundane dharma, we can recognize the impermanent, suffering, and selfless nature of life, thereby cultivating mindfulness, compassion, and wisdom.
出世間法是指超越世俗尋求的修行方法和教義，旨在實現解脫和覺醒。它強調超越個人利益和世俗束縛，追求智慧和慈悲的境界。世間法則是指世俗事物、現象和法則，包括人的身心、人際關係、社會結構、經濟活動等。它是我們實際生活中的體驗，通過觀察和了解世間法，我們能夠認識到生命的無常、苦、無我等特性，從而培養正念、慈悲和智慧。
From the perspective of Madhyamaka philosophy, the “transcendent” (out-of-world) and “mundane” (in-world) aspects of Buddhism are seen as non-dual, meaning they are fundamentally interdependent and interconnected.
從中觀觀點來看，佛教中的出世間法和世間法被視為不二的，即它們本質上是相互依存和相互關聯的。
This is because Madhyamaka philosophy emphasizes the emptiness and interdependence of all phenomena, stating that all things are composed of selflessness and interrelatedness. Under this understanding, the transcendent and mundane aspects are not completely separate and opposing, but rather intertwined and mutually dependent existences.
這是因為中觀哲學強調一切現象的空性和相互依存性，即所有事物都是由無我和相互關聯性所構成的。在這個理解下，出世間法和世間法並不是完全分離和對立的，而是相互交織和相互依存的存在。
Therefore, according to the Madhyamaka perspective, the transcendent and mundane aspects are interconnected, and they do not possess independent and inherent natures. The mundane aspect provides opportunities and contexts for practicing the transcendent aspect, while the transcendent aspect guides us to transcend worldly attachments and achieve deeper levels of awakening.
因此，中觀觀點認為，出世間法和世間法是相互關聯的，彼此不存在獨立實在的本質。世間法提供了實踐出世間法的機會和場所，而出世間法則引導我們超越世俗執著，實現更深層次的覺醒。
Henceforth, the Madhyamaka view considers the transcendent and mundane aspects as mutually dependent and intertwined. Through an understanding of Madhyamaka, we can transcend dualistic oppositions, recognize their non-dual nature, and embody wisdom and liberation in practice.
故此，中觀觀點認為，出世間法和世間法不是對立的，而是相互依存、相互交融的存在。通過對中觀的理解，我們能夠超越二元對立，認識到它們的不二性，並在實踐中體現智慧和解脫。
- (5 Min) 無我: 自他不二 Non-self: Self & others are one entity
‘Individual self’ is an illusion 「自他分離」是一種幻覺 1. 引言 | Introduction 自他不二的哲學是佛教思想中的一個重要概念，它指出自己與他人之間的聯繫，消除人我之間的對立，從而促進人際關係的調和和社會的和諧。以下將逐一闡述重點，解釋這些觀點如何幫助我們理解自他不二的概念，消解煩惱，以及促進人際關係的改善。 The… Read more: (5 Min) 無我: 自他不二 Non-self: Self & others are one entity - 佛法主張放下/超越痛苦和快樂的情緒 Buddhism advocates to let go of the emotions of pain and pleasure.
導言 | Introduction 佛教作為世界主要的宗教之一，強調通過修行達到解脫和智慧的境界。在佛教的修行過程中，受是一個重要的主題，它關乎著個體的情緒、煩惱、執著以及境界的變化。佛教中有一種受境稱為「不苦不樂受」，這種受對修行的意義和價值受到廣泛關注。本論文旨在探討在能夠放下所有受前（即是成佛），懷著不苦不樂受對修行的重要性和意義。 As one of the world’s major religions, Buddhism… Read more: 佛法主張放下/超越痛苦和快樂的情緒 Buddhism advocates to let go of the emotions of pain and pleasure. - 佛教對戰爭的基本看法: 在反戰的憐憫性和參戰的正當性中取得平衡 Buddhism’s Fundamental View on War: Striking a Balance between Compassionate Pacifism and Justified Participation in War
導言 | Introduction 俄烏戰爭引發佛教對戰爭態度的探討。佛教作為世界主要宗教之一，擁有豐富的倫理和哲學傳統，提供了對人類行為和社會動態的深刻洞察。隨著武裝衝突在世界不斷發生，了解佛教對戰爭的立場，尋求其在這個具有爭議性議題上的平衡觀點，變得至關重要。 The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War serves as the focal… Read more: 佛教對戰爭的基本看法: 在反戰的憐憫性和參戰的正當性中取得平衡 Buddhism’s Fundamental View on War: Striking a Balance between Compassionate Pacifism and Justified Participation in War - 善惡為一體; 決不做惡業 Good and evil are one entity; whilst avoid engaging in evil deeds.
導言 | Introduction 維摩居士（Vimalakīrti）是佛教中一位傑出的居士，相傳他生活在佛陀時代的印度。他以高超的智慧和慈悲心著稱，成為了佛教故事中的重要人物之一。維摩居士以其獨特的方式與佛陀及其他菩薩和弟子進行了一系列對話，這些對話在佛經《維摩詰所說經》（Vimalakīrtinirdeśa Sūtra）中得到了詳細的描述。 Vimalakīrti is an outstanding lay disciple in… Read more: 善惡為一體; 決不做惡業 Good and evil are one entity; whilst avoid engaging in evil deeds. - 知識論: 世間沒有真正的客觀 Epistemology: There is no true objectivity in the world.
導言 | Introduction 佛教是世界上重要的宗教和哲學之一，對於真理和智慧的追求，佛教強調對心靈的探索，挑戰傳統的客觀性和主觀性觀念。本文探討佛教視角下，世界是否具有真正的客觀性，或者所謂的客觀性是否只是主觀客觀性。此外，我們還將探討這一結論與社會建構主義的關係，社會建構主義是一個研究人類對知識和現實主觀建構的理論。 Buddhism, one of the world’s major religions and… Read more: 知識論: 世間沒有真正的客觀 Epistemology: There is no true objectivity in the world. - 佛法與科學：如何平衡兩者和不偏於任何一方 Buddhism and Science: How to Balance Both and Avoid Bias Towards Either
導言 | Introduction 佛教作為一個深遠而古老的精神傳統，多年來持續演變，容納了不同的推廣和驗證觀點。本文將批判性地評估兩種相反的觀點，關於科學在推廣佛教中的作用。A視角主張以平衡的方式整合對世俗現象（即「世間」）的研究，以及超越現實（即「出世間」）的佛學研究，並運用現代科學方法驗證佛教原理，以獲得公眾的可信度和合法性。另一方面，B視角則認為不應提出與佛教教義本身無關的問題，因此不應推廣佛教以平衡世俗現象（即「世間」）的研究，和超越現實（即「出世間」）的佛學研究，以獲得公眾的可信度和合法性。 Buddhism, a profound and ancient spiritual tradition, has… Read more: 佛法與科學：如何平衡兩者和不偏於任何一方 Buddhism and Science: How to Balance Both and Avoid Bias Towards Either - 佛教是通往真正自由的道路 Buddhism is the Path to Genuine Freedom
導言 | Introduction 佛教是起源於古印度的一個精神傳統，提供對人類存在本質和追求自由的深刻洞見。從佛教的角度來看，自由不僅僅是消除身體上的束縛，更是一種心靈和靈性上的解脫，擺脫痛苦和迷惑。本文探討兩個重要方面：（1）因緣下人類自由的局限性，以及（2）通過活在當下和努力修持自己來重獲自由。 Buddhism, an ancient spiritual tradition originating in India,… Read more: 佛教是通往真正自由的道路 Buddhism is the Path to Genuine Freedom - 活在當下：在物質與理想的追求中取得平衡 Living in the present: Achieving a balance between the pursuit of materials and ideals.
導言 | Introduction 佛教是一種源自古印度的深邃哲學，提供了對人類經驗和追求內心平靜的寶貴洞見。佛教的核心是倡導崇高的目標——成就覺悟，一種從苦難和無知中解脫出來的覺醒狀態。其中一個重要理念是達到理想主義和唯物主義之間微妙的平衡。理想主義代表思想、信念和追求，而唯物主義涉及物質領域和追求物質財富和欲望。本文探討佛教如何鼓勵信徒面對這兩個方面的複雜性，最終引導他們達到平衡和充實的生活。 Buddhism, a profound philosophy that originated in ancient… Read more: 活在當下：在物質與理想的追求中取得平衡 Living in the present: Achieving a balance between the pursuit of materials and ideals. - 執著/痛苦的特徵和成因 Characteristics and Causes of Attachment/Suffering
導言 | Introduction 執著是人類與事物緊密連結的一種心理狀態，當我們對特定的想法、情感、物質或目標過於執著時，便會產生種種困擾和痛苦。佛教哲學中，執著被視為引發苦難的根源之一，因此佛教強調超越執著的重要性。了解執著的特徵和成因對於我們理解人類心理並探索超越痛苦的方法具有重要意義。 Attachment is a psychological state that tightly binds… Read more: 執著/痛苦的特徵和成因 Characteristics and Causes of Attachment/Suffering - 在傳統與創新之間取得平衡 Balancing among Innovation and Tradition
導言 | Introduction 在我們所處的不斷演變的世界中，保守和創新之間微妙的平衡對於個人成長和社會進步至關重要。佛教以其深邃的哲學和教導，為我們提供了寶貴的洞察力，關於如何在生活中找到這種平衡。佛教的觀念植根於古老的智慧，同時又能夠適應當代的挑戰，鼓勵個人培養一種和諧的生活方式，融合保守和創新的元素。 In the ever-evolving world we inhabit, the delicate… Read more: 在傳統與創新之間取得平衡 Balancing among Innovation and Tradition - 佛教推祟男女平等 Buddhism Advocates Gender Equality
導言 | Introduction 性別不平等是歷史上一直存在的問題，影響了社會、文化和宗教生活的各個方面。然而，佛教以其強調慈悲、智慧和眾生平等的特點，對性別平等提供了獨特的觀點。在這篇文章中，我們將探討佛教如何看待性別不平等，以及它提供解決方案的方式。 Gender inequality has been a persistent issue throughout… Read more: 佛教推祟男女平等 Buddhism Advocates Gender Equality
The Six Dharmas Times 